The fractal antenna is based on the use of alumina circuit substrate with relative dielectric constant e r of 9. Pdf a new compact patch antenna design for circular. Koch fractalbased hexagonal patch antenna for circular. Uhf tag antennas are linearly polarized while tags objects containing codes are. This paper designed a ceramic minkowski fractal antenna used in rfid system. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges bouligand to calculate this dimension for a fractal. Key words square patch, fractal antenna, return loss, directivity, gain, voltage standing wave ratio i. Iteration 2 makes for 18 total triangles that make up the antenna. Frequency and polarization reconfigurable fractal microstrip. And the two parts of the antenna are printed on either sides of a thin substrate, thus a lowpro. Antenna polarization, much like polarization with light, and nothing to do with arctic weather, and everything to do with the transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation based on its orientation.
A compact, square shaped microstrip fractal antenna with asymmetrical pairs of tslits for circularly polarized cp radiation and radio frequency identification rfid reader applications is proposed and experimentally investigated. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four. Prior to fabrication, better performance parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain, current distribution, impedance, vswr are achieved. Minkowski fractal curve gives its contribution to make antenna multiband. Design and simulation of compact multiband fractal. Providing with high bandwidth, increasing reduction percentage of antenna. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12. While the minkowski fractal antenna has gain for dual bands, for example 7. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure in the antenna s ground plate. Minkowski gasket is one of the earliest structures of fractal geometry.
Design is based on narrow slit modified minkowski island fractal geometry. The proposed paper presents a minkowski fractal microstrip antenna loaded with slots operating at a frequency of 1. The minkowski island fractal of one iteration m1 is formed by displacing the middle third of each side by some fraction of. The dimension of the ground plane was chosen to be 3 x 3 cm 2.
Minkowski fractal circularly polarized planar antenna for gps. The antenna is fed by microstrip feeding technique. A small planar modied minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual frequency bands. A wideband minkowski fractal dielectric resonator antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 64% 5. Design and analysis of hexagon microstrip patch sierpinski. The generator curve is created by adding minkowski curve and invert of koch curve. Then, three units of dmssrr had been added to the front side of the minkowski fractal antenna. Jaafar 3 1college of science, babylon university hilla, iraq, email. Minkowski fractal is also compared with koch fractal and sierpinski curve geometries. Minkowski fractal antenna design with dmssrr and dgssrr. Design of circular polarized dual band patch antenna. With light polarization, a film or glass will appear darker, and block, light which is polarized in a certain direction, while allowing correctly polarized light. August 4, 2018 abstract fractal structure is implemented in such a way to.
Design analysis of a cross slot patch antenna for hotspot. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume such fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel and space filling curves, but the key aspect. Multiband patch antenna structure based on minkowski pre fractal geometry, journal of engineering and applied sciences, jeas, vol. The analysis of these antennas is been performed with in. Iteration 1 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna.
The design of ceramic minkowski fractal antenna scientific. The starting geometry of the minkowski fractal antenna is the initiator square patch, and the successive iterations of fractal antenna is obtained by replacing each of the four straight sides of the starting structure with the generator with indentation as shown in the figure 3. Comparison between simulated gain of conventional microstrip patch and minkowski fractal antennas. Antenna, microstrip, fractal, minkowski, dual band. The pattern cut is orthogonal to the plane of the loop fig. Minkowski fractal circularly polarized planar antenna for. Design of circularly polarized modified minkowski fractal. Figure 5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is establishe. A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna for. The first fractal antennas were, in fact, fractal arrays, with fractal arrangements of antenna elements, and not recognized initially as having selfsimilarity as their attribute.
On the performance properties of the minkowski island. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four symmetrical pairs of tslits at the square. The minkowski fractal patch is inverted on the upper substrate protected. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohen minkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas.
The study with different iterative degree of koch and minkowski fractal antennas and different ratio coefficient of minkowski fractal antennas are also presented. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based. Ultra wideband octagonal fractal antenna using minkowski. The minkowski fractal patch can be obtained by replacing each side of square patch by minkowski fractal curve of 2nd stage. It was decided to design a patch antenna from the theoretical study since it fulfils all the requirements for the antenna. In the present paper a detailed study of a new compacted hexagon microstrip patch antenna using fractal ground plane and shorting pin is presented. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual. A compact single probe feed minkowski fractal boundary patch antenna based on his high impedance surface is proposed for dual band dual polarization. Fractal antennas for wireless communications intechopen. After that, a pair of dgssrr had been added to the ground plane of the antenna. The most popular models for the analysis of microstrip patch antennas are the transmission line model, cavity model, and fullwave model which include primarily integral equationsmoment method. Minkowski fractal, rfid reader, microstrip antenna. The design process starts by a simple hexagon patch antenna fed by a microstrip line and simulated in the frequency range of 3.
The side length of the square patch antenna is half of the, since the radiation. To achieve the circular polarization a truncated corner square patch technique is adopted. Double orthogonal phase stubs technique for minkowski fractal. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band. In recent years, there have been many reports on the miniaturization and high order mode suppression of patch antenna by fractal technology 24. Fractal microstrip antenna aids wideband applications. Design and simulation of compact dualband microstrip. Design triband fractal antenna with minkowski island. Simulations and tests shows that the antenna is circular polarized and have a. Antenna s performance is then compared with equilateral koch, minkowski and sierpinski fractal geometries.
Double orthogonal phase stubs technique for minkowski fractal reflectarray antenna. Then, the addition of several sizes of the minkowski island split ring resonator on the substrate had been generated triband resonant frequencies. Similarly, increasing the diagonal length di of the fractal patch in figure 4b can increase the resonance length of mode b and make move to low frequency. Dualfrequency miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide. By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is established that a very good circular polarization with 3 db axial ratio bandwidth of about 1. As shown in figure 1, the first order minkowski fractal gap is etched in the rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonator, where the blue region is the fractal gap. A small planar modified minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual. On the performance properties of the minkowski island fractal. The first work is started by designing a normal minkowski patch antenna. Then, the addition of several sizes of the minkowski island split ring resonator on the substrate had been generated triband resonant. There are different shapes and types of antennas designed for the variations in antenna characteristics. The antenna consists of a square patch with the patch width ws, the feeder to match the impedance. To obtain circular polarization, the patch was fed by two microstrip lines with orthogonal phas microstrip lines are printed on the substrate.
International journal of antennas and propagation hindawi. Firstorder minkowski fractal circularly polarized slot loop. By applying the same procedure on m1, the minkowski island fractal of second iteration m2 is obtained. Antenna configurations to be created, such as in figure 2, is the monopole antenna square patch with fractal geometry of minkowski on a modified at second iteration and on its groundplane. Frequency and polarization reconfigurability is achieved by introducing four slots on the fractal shaped patch with pin didoes as switches across them. Introduction square patch fractal antenna is a good example of the properties of fractal boundary patch antennas.
Design triband fractal antenna with minkowski island split. Highgain and circularly polarized fractal antenna array. This stacked structure is not suitable for compact antenna, especially for some. As the fractal iteration increases, perimeter of patch increases and effective area of antenna decreases. Waveguide quartermode cavitybacked antenna based on minkowski fractal gap with orthogonal polarization. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. A compact, square shaped microstrip fractal antenna with asymmetrical pairs of t slits for circularly polarized cp radiation and radio. The proposed micro strip patch antenna which is based on minkowski fractal shape is constructed and fabricated by using fr4 epoxy as antenna substrate material. Design and analysis of square patch fractal antenna for c. Hilbert curve is used as complementary split ring resonator to investigate the effect of the fractal. Minkowski fractal patch antenna for size and radar cross. Below is the radiation pattern from simulation to an antenna without iteration, oneiteration and.
Table 4 shows that the previous fractal antennas have circular polarization radiation, such as those reported in, which is the giuseppe peano fractal antenna that covered the frequency band of 1. The antenna size is reduced by 20% using 1st minkowski fractal radiation patch, and the tr isolation is improved by 2db with the hshaped loaded capacitance and hshaped slots compared with double hshaped slots. It is observed that the minkowski fractal dra yields the widest impedance bandwidth along with stable gain amongst the three proposed geometries. Minkowski fractal boundary single feed circularly polarized. Hexagonal fractal multiband antenna for uwb 1820 and with dgs 21,22. The paper investigates the effect of minkowski island split ring resonator misrr on the microstrip fractal patch antenna. In this paper, hybrid fractal antenna hfa is designed using three popular fractal curves koch, minkowski and moore. The 10db return loss bandwidth at upper resonating frequency band is 4. In, f shaped fractal antenna structure has been used whereas in 8 tshaped fractal microstrip antenna has been designed for wireless networks. It is observed that the selfsimilar structure of minkowski like fractal geometry laterally with the basic octagonal patch shape having modified ground structure provides the uwb operating bandwidth because of the multiple resonances.
The effective current path on the resonant patch can be effectively increased by the fracturing of the resonant patch, in which the antenna miniaturization can be realized. Firstorder minkowski fractal circularly polarized slot. The generation procedure for the patch with minkowski fig. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. A miniaturization of loop antenna using the fractal technique is known as minkowski square loop antenna. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for passive. In recent years, there have been many reports on the miniaturization and high order mode suppression of patch antenna by fractal technology 2 4.
Multiband patch antenna structure based on minkowski prefractal geometry, journal of engineering and applied sciences, jeas, vol. The effective current path on the resonant patch can be effectively increased by the fracturing of the resonant patch, in which the antenna miniaturization can be realized 1. Multiband operation with circular polarization 4 of radiation was obtained by combining square and giuseppe peano fractal geometries, which were realized on two layer. Figure 1 shows the structure of the minkowski fractal dualpolarized microstrip antenna.
Kavitha2, 1assistant professor,2associate professor. Hybrid fractal antenna using meander and minkowski curves. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges. The paper presents a design of microstrip patch antenna mpa using hybrid fractal slot koch minkowski and kochkoch along with partial ground plane for wideband applications.
Furthermore it is shown that the surface area occupied by the antenna is reduced compared with. Jalal a miniaturized multiband minkowskilike prefractal patch antenna for gps and 3g imt2000 handsets, asian journal of information. This hybrid generator curve is then superimposed on moore curve to get. Decreasing the length of di can make move to high frequency, as shown in figure 8b according to the above principle, the resonant frequency of antenna can be determined by adjusting the length of di and dj according to users needs.
By changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is. We then repeat that same process on each triangle this is the iteration method that will give rise to the fractal. In this article, a novel minkowski fractal patch antenna for size and backscattering radar crosssection rcs reduction is proposed. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four symmetrical pairs of tslits at the square patch boundary of the singleprobefeed radiator. A new fractalbased miniaturized dual band patch antenna. His based dual band dual polarized minkowski fractal patch antenna. Figure5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Design of circularly polarized modified minkowski fractal based. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal. In some cases, the fractal geometry does not accomplish the need. A single feed circularly polarized minkowski fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. Research article design of a small modified minkowski fractal. The upper substrate uses the ptfe material with a permittivity of 2. The proposed antenna resonates at five frequencies 1.
A circularly polarized, broad bandwidth, squarering patch antenna for radiofrequency identification rfid is proposed. The first fractal antenna is based on the koch curve geometry. Iteration 2 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. In fractal geometry, the minkowskibouligand dimension, also known as minkowski dimension or boxcounting dimension, is a way of determining the fractal dimension of a set s in a euclidean space r n, or more generally in a metric space x, d. In this paper, an octagonal monopole fractal antenna for ultra wideband uwb applications is presented. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band at. Figure 2 construction of the minkowski like fractal structure 17 a. Fractal antennas for wireless communication systems. The conventional microstrip patch antenna has single band in which its. In this paper, minkowski fractal antenna for bluetooth application has been designed. The radiating patch is modified in several steps to achieve a multiband circularly polarized antenna. Moore, minkowski and koch curves based hybrid fractal.
Apart from this, it can be used for various other applications as well because of its multiband feature. Firstly, a basic minkowski island had been simulated in the cst microwave studio. In 14, the antenna has been designed using minkowski fractal patch for 5. The fractal geometry used here is sierpinski carpets method. Its advantage is that it can be easily fabricated as it is a just conducting strip connecting to the patch and therefore, can be considered as an. Minkowski fractal boundary single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna by changing the fractal dimension of the boundary in both the directions of the antenna it is established that a very good circular polarization with 3 db axial ratio bandwidth of about 1. The length of partial ground plane is varied to optimize the bandwidth and gain of antenna. A fractal dualpolarized microstrip antenna is presented as the element of a retrodirective array. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as the generator of the fractal antenna. Minkowski fractal patch antenna is shown in figure 3. Koch boundary on the square patch microstrip antenna for. It should be pointed out that the area of m1 is 37.
Analysis of mushroomtype electromagnetic bandgap structure using fractal geometry on a hexagonal patch antenna 17. While discussing fractal shapes, minkowski is the most known fractal shape used. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on. As shown in figure 2, compared with rectangular gap, fractal gap can cut the current lines, increasing the effective radiation aperture of cavitybacked antenna, and then the resonance point moves to low frequency to achieve.
Hexagonal patch with a combination of koch 23,24 and trapezoidal elements added on the edges 25. Nov 01, 2008 a single feed circularly polarized minkowski fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. A novel fractal based circularly polarized gps antenna is designed to meet the bandwidth requirements of satellite receiver 30 mhz operating at a fr. In this analysis, we have compared the antenna parameters such as gain, impedance, antenna efficiency, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern. Jalal a miniaturized multiband minkowski like pre fractal patch antenna for gps and 3g imt2000 handsets, asian journal of information.